Steps Towards Information Theoretic MaxEnt (Delta)

Reference : Program Code for Information Theory-based Maximum Entropy Calculation

For steps in MatLab :

 

 

For steps in GNU-Octave :  

 

For steps in Python :   

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M Das, B Das, I Majumder, D Majumder

Blue or red pill: Jobs in the age of artificial intelligence - Need for Alternative Models To Built Talent is Vital

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more sophisticated, the threat that this automation will displace a wide number of jobs is very real. This obviously creates a distressing picture for many of us.

However, evidence shows that if technology really destroyed jobs, there would have been no work today for anyone. The technological revolution we have seen in the past 30 years has been unparalleled and exponential, and yet there are more jobs today and probably better salaries than before. Therefore, we need to shift the dialogue from the type of jobs that can be protected to a conversation about jobs that can and will be created.

As an example, the banking industry has undergone changes over the years, where some of the traditional tasks like passbook updating, cash deposit, verification of KYC details and salary uploads have been automated for operational efficiency. The focus is shifting from transactions to advisory and consultation. In the near term, AI is not going to replace 'judgment' aspects and therefore dealing with complex cases, which are high-value in any domain including banking, will be what is required. Employees will need to build skills on reading data, making sense out of the reams of analysis that will become available and be able to provide solutions that work.

Across industries, though some jobs will be automated in the next few years, jobs with higher skill levels will still be in demand. This would mean a focused approach towards reskilling the existing workforce and preparing for the future. A good education will be imperative to acquire skills that are competitive in the evolved labour market. This also means that the current system of education will need a rather extensive, and much needed, overhaul.

We will need to think about what this will mean for us as a society from the policy point of view. What can we do to ensure that opportunities for upward mobility are not hindered with the change in market dynamics? We will probably need to look at making it easier for entrepreneurs to start new firms and employ people in new forms of work.

As employers, we would need to think of alternative models to build talent. In his book Humans Need Not Apply, Jerry Kaplan also proposes a so-called "job mortgage" as a new type of financial instrument through which employers, vocational schools and colleges would have an incentive to collaborate in a new way. He suggests (among other things) that employers can commit to an intent to employ an individual in the future if that person commits to acquire a specific set of skills over a certain time frame.

In the new future, we would have to look at more such innovative thinking to manage the challenge. Governments and businesses will need to come up with a concerted approach on education, skills and employment and will have to work together. This itself can create a talent revolution that we need for an AI-driven future.

Companies are already using or testing AI and machine-learning systems and the emergence of entire categories of new, uniquely human jobs has been identified. These roles are not replacing old ones. They are novel, and require skills and training that have no precedents.


It is important to realise that humans are not really being left behind. As computers become more and more intelligent, humans will evolve in parallel, possibly with the help of embedded intelligent chips and BCIs (Brain-Computer Interfaces). The focus, therefore, should be to create systems that let humans combine what they are good at — asking the right questions and interpreting results — with what machines are good at: computation, analysis, and statistics using large datasets. We cannot peer into the uncertain future but we can certainly think about an exciting present which has a real potential of creating great value for the business.

What individuals can do is to be constantly in touch with the progress of technology in their field. This will help identify how our roles could possibly evolve and the next step is then to make sure we develop the skills required to step into the newly created role requirements.

Jobs in the AI age will clearly be violet pills!

Times of India Jul 12, 2017, 05:40 PM IST By Madhavi Lall  

 Do administrators in education sector is concern or competent to judge this?

Nature Index: over 50% of China’s high-quality research involves international co-authors

Nature Index: over 50% of China’s high-quality research involves international co-authors, 2017-May-26

The Nature Index 2017 China supplement, published today, reveals that as China’s total number of articles included in the Nature Index increased since 2012, the percentage of articles with international co-authors has continued to rise year-on-year. By 2016, papers with international co-authors comprised more than 50% of the country’s articles in the index.

In 2016, the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Italy formed the strongest bilateral collaboration between a Chinese institution and an international institution, followed by Peking University and Harvard University. Out of the top 10 international bilateral collaborations in China, the Germany-based Max Planck Society participated in five.
However, the depth of collaborations between institutions domestically remains far greater than internationally. There are 56 such partnerships between Chinese institutions that are stronger than the leading global pairing.
In terms of China’s inter-city collaborations, as well as institutions in Beijing having the highest contribution to the index overall, last year they formed the largest number of partnerships across China. Beijing was followed by Shanghai and Nanjing in this respect. But beyond these metropolises, institutions in smaller cities have expertise that makes them strong collaborators in their own right.
For instance, Kunming, well-known for its unique biodiversity, is a boon for scientists interested in studying plants and ecology. Whereas Changchun in China’s northeast has a long history specialising in chemistry research. Last year institutions in Kunming formed 190 domestic research partnerships with other Chinese institutions to co-author papers included in the index, ranking 16th of the 184 Chinese cities examined by the index. More than two-thirds of Kunming’s output on the Nature Index is the field of chemistry, with many articles investigating the chemical structures and processes of plants. Changchun’s strongest partnership last year was between Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) in Beijing, both part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
For the first time, the Nature Index China supplement took a look at China’s performance beyond the 68 journals tracked by the index and expanded into the larger Web of Science database, from Clarivate Analytics. “This helps our readers and index users gain a broad picture of China’s research output overall and in some specific fields. By making comparisons, they can find some interesting facts to better understand the trend,” said David Swinbanks, Founder of the Nature Index.
As indicated by the Nature Index, international papers make up a significant portion of China’s high-quality research, but this level of international co-authorship does not extend to all papers published in China. The country’s share of articles with international co-authors indexed in the Web of Science remains below 25%. “The slower growth rate in papers from international collaborations was because China’s overall research output had grown so dramatically,” said Dr. Yue Weiping, Chief Scientist of China for Clarivate Analytics. “This slower rate may be attributed to language barriers and allocation of institutional resources. Researchers in top universities have more opportunities or resources to collaborate with peers worldwide.” Yet there are signs that this overall rate of international collaboration will rise over the next decade, due to government policies – such as the national World-Class 2.0 project – aimed at making Chinese research more global, including generous funding schemes to promote collaboration.

 

Stat reference

you need a computer with the following configuration: Processor core
2 duo with 4 GB RAM.and Software: SPSS version 13 & Statistica latest
versionGet print out from the reference 1.
http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/cluster.htm 2.
http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/mds.htm 3.
http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/discrim.htm 4.
http://bonsai.ims.utokyo.ac.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/manual/index.html
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Ishita Chatterjee, Ph.D.
University of Calcutta

GM Food

http://www.globalresearch.ca/over-40-rodent-feeding-studies-show-genetically-modified-food-is-disastrous-to-health/5481036
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Durjoy Majumder, Ph.D.

Obesity

http://www.globalresearch.ca/ireland-obesity-the-western-diet-and-the-global-food-challenge/5471016
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Durjoy Majumder, Ph.D.

Journals in Systems Biology

Following journals are devoted to publish articles in the area of Systems Biology:

1. Biosystems
2. BMC Systems Biology (open access)
3. Frontiers in Systems Biology (open access)
4. Gene Regulation and Systems Biology
5. IET Systems Biology
6. In Silico Biology (open access) 
7. International Journal of Systems Biology (open access)  
8. Journal of Biological Systems 
9. Journal of Computational Systems Biology (open access)  
10. Molecular BioSystems 
11. Molecular Systems Biology (open access)  
12. OMICS 
13. Systems Biology and Applications  (open access)
14. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine (open access)  
15. Systems Biomedicine (open access)  
16. WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine (only review articles, open access)  
17. Annals of Systems Biology (open access)
18. Avens Journal of Metabolomics & Systems Biology (open access)

Following journals publish articles in the area of Systems Biology with specific domain applications (Bio-informatics, Computational Biology or Omic science) :

1. EURASIP Journal of Bioinformatics & Systems Biology (open access) 
2. International Journal of Computer Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology 
3. Journal of Computer Science & Systems Biology (open access) 
4. Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology

Following journals publish articles in the area of Systems Biology with Synthetic Biology application :

1. InternationalJournal of Systems Biology & Biomedical Technologies 
2. Journal of Molecular Engineering & Systems Biology (open access)  
3. Systems and Synthetic Biology 

Journals from other domain also publish research articles in the area of Systems Biology : 
1. Analyst,
2. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (open access),
3. Journal of Systems Science & Complexity,
4. Interface (open access),
5. Nature Biotechnology,
6. PLoS ComputationalBiology (open access),
7. Theoretical Biology& Medical Modelling (open access)

Virtual Environment in Mental Health Issues

See article : by Haniff D, Chamberlain A, Moody L and De Freitas S. (April 2014) Virtual Environment in Mental Health Issues: A review, Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology Vol 3, pp 1-10. 
DOI: 10.5897/JMSB11.003
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Ishita Chatterjee, Ph.D.
Dept. of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta
Member, SSBTR

Individual's initiative in Big Data for Diseases

It's a great news that individuals are taking initiative to help in research, so more suitable environments are needed.
"For the Parkinson's disease (mPower) app, it took just three months to enroll 11,360 patients—the largest Parkinson's trial ever assembled."
See Nature Biotechnology (2015) 33: 885 doi: 10.1038/nbt.3341
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Durjoy Majumder, Ph.D.
Secretary, SSBTR

Pharmacometrics Markup Language (PharmML)

New direction in Pharmacology research using Systems Biology Markup Language. See Link
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Durjoy Majumder, Ph.D
Secretary, SSBTR

Systems Biology Markup Languages (SBML)

Systems Biology Markup Languages (SBML) is an universal format, based on XML and designed for community to reprsent, share and store the biological processes in a quantitative and relation centric manner. For details please visit: Nature Precedings or SBML project website.
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Durjoy Majumder, PhD
Secretary, SSBTR